Like starch in plants, glycogen is found as granules in liver and muscle cells. When fasting, animals draw on these glycogen reserves during the first day without food to obtain the glucose needed to maintain metabolic balance.
Glycogen is structurally quite similar to amylopectin, although glycogen is more highly branched 8—12 glucose units between branches and the branches are shorter. When treated with iodine, glycogen gives a reddish brown color. Glycogen can be broken down into its D-glucose subunits by acid hydrolysis or by the same enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of starch. In animals, the enzyme phosphorylase catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen to phosphate esters of glucose.
Although the percentage of glycogen by weight is higher in the liver, the much greater mass of skeletal muscle stores a greater total amount of glycogen.
Cellulose, a fibrous carbohydrate found in all plants, is the structural component of plant cell walls. The largest use of cellulose is in the manufacture of paper and paper products. Like amylose, cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose. As a result, cellulose exhibits little interaction with water or any other solvent.
Cotton and wood, for example, are completely insoluble in water and have considerable mechanical strength. Because cellulose does not have a helical structure, it does not bind to iodine to form a colored product. Cellulose yields D-glucose after complete acid hydrolysis, yet humans are unable to metabolize cellulose as a source of glucose. However, certain microorganisms can digest cellulose because they make the enzyme cellulase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose.
The presence of these microorganisms in the digestive tracts of herbivorous animals such as cows, horses, and sheep allows these animals to degrade the cellulose from plant material into glucose for energy. Termites also contain cellulase-secreting microorganisms and thus can subsist on a wood diet.
This example once again demonstrates the extreme stereospecificity of biochemical processes. Certified diabetes educators come from a variety of health professions, such as nursing and dietetics, and specialize in the education and treatment of patients with diabetes.
A diabetes educator will work with patients to manage their diabetes. This involves teaching the patient to monitor blood sugar levels, make good food choices, develop and maintain an exercise program, and take medication, if required. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Glycogen vs. Cellulose: What is the difference between Starch and Glycogen and Cellulose? Do you know the difference between carbohydrates?
Save Saved Removed 0. Previous Inotropic vs. Next Cucumber vs. Related Articles. Added to wishlist Removed from wishlist 0. Inotropic vs. Amylose vs. Trigonal Planar vs. We will be happy to hear your thoughts. Leave a reply Cancel reply. Another type of polysaccharide, acting as the chief carbohydrate reserve for the plants, and the principal dietary source for the animals and humans.
Starch occurs in two types of polymer amylose and amylopectin. Both the polymers are composed of the D-glucose, with the alpha glycosidic bonds known as glucan or glucosan. Being of the same the glycosidic bond, amylose and amylopectin differ in their properties.
Amylose is insoluble in water. Amylopectin has high molecular weight and is soluble in water. Starch is mainly found in cereals, vegetables, roots, tubers, etc.
Glycogen, often termed as animal starch, though found in plants that do not contain chlorophyll like yeast, fungi, etc. It is also the homopolysaccharide having the glycogen bonds or linkages similar to that of the amylopectin, with the more branches. Glycogen has short but highly branched chains with high molecular weight.
It is abundantly present in liver, and also found in the brain, skeletal muscles, etc. Participation of carbohydrate is seen everywhere and in various forms. Thus the above explanation was to know about polysaccharides types of carbohydrates and their components in the much better way and how they differ from each other. This is fantastic companion for students. I specifically like it as it provides a quick recap on the topics and it is of best elaboration.
Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Key Difference Between Cellulose, Starch, and Glycogen Following points are the key differences between the three types of polysaccharides: Among the three polysaccharides, Cellulose can be said as the organic substance, predominantly found in plants, especially in their cell wall and so said as the structural component, while Starch is found in animals also and act as the chief carbohydrate reserve and the dietary source for them.
Glycogen is mainly found in animals including humans and few plants which do not possess chlorophyll.
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