These works have helped audience members and readers grapple with what happened to individuals during this period. The scale of the these horrors, however, can be difficult to grasp. Below are some of the devastating facts and figures associated with the Auschwitz death camp, which operated in German-occupied Poland from until its liberation on January 27, The Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that 1. Of this total, nearly 1. The other approximately , people were predominantly made up of non-Jewish Poles, the mentally challenged, Roma people, homosexuals and Soviet prisoners of war.
A total 1. Survivors of Auschwitz leaving the camp at the end of World War II, photographed by a Russian photographer during the making of a film about liberation of the camp. Above them is the German slogan 'Arbeit macht frei' 'Work makes one free'. Among the 7, people liberated at the closure of the camps, most were very ill, or close to death. Weeks earlier, with Soviet forces approaching the camp system, nearly 60, prisoners had been evacuated and forced to march west toward Wodzislaw, away from the complex on what are today known as the death marches.
But the number, which has now been part of the public consciousness for more than 50 years, would never have continued to be cited if it did not mirror the scholarly tallies that have followed in the succeeding decades, and confirmed that rough figure.
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Tel Aviv Is Over. Gay Haredim Turn to Her for Help. Sometimes She Prescribes Chemical Castration. Josef Mengele made all selections upon arrival at the camps. Josef Mengele is most famous for being the Senior SS physician at Auschwitz-Birkenau from — and performing deadly experiments on prisoners.
While Mengele did make many selections, so did other doctors, especially when the prisoners were regularly forced to parade before the doctors at frequent selections inside the camps. Every concentration camp had a gas chamber and crematoria. While some camps had both deadly mechanisms, this was not true for the majority of camps that were made for slave labor, transit, and political prisoners.
By , the Nazis had established thousands of camps. However, only six camps were designated killing centers. Nazi camps equipped with gassing facilities for the mass murder of Jews and other victims included Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek-Lublin, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Approximately 2,, Jews were murdered at these camps, along with tens of thousands of Siniti and Roma, Soviet prisoners of war, Poles, and other victims.
Auschwitz-Bi rkenau was the only camp that existed in Auschwitz. Auschwitz had many satellite camps that surrounded the main camp, encompassing a total area of 20 square miles. In total, there were three major camps in Auschwitz that were surrounded by subcamps:. Auschwitz I: The original and main Auschwitz camp located in southern Poland. It served first as a Polish military barrack before being converted into a concentration camp during Nazi occupation at first for non-Jews.
It was opened in October and was specifically used for the extermination of Jewish as well as Sinti and Roma peoples.
Auschwitz II had four gas chambers on its premises. All Jews in camps received tattoo ed numbers on their arms.
All of those imprisoned in the camp system received a serial number upon first entering. This was assigned not only for identification, but also served an integral part of the Nazi system of dehumanization in the camps. These numbers were sewn onto uniforms, usually along with other patches of classification, such as reasons for arrest and national origin.
Only individuals imprisoned at Auschwitz received tattoos, and not all who were imprisoned at Auschwitz were given a tattoo. Nazi-occupied Denmark was the only country in occupied Europe where Jews were not forced to wear the yellow Star of David badge. Jews in Nazi-occupied central Poland did not wear the yellow star badges. Instead, they wore white armbands with a blue Star of David. What Pastor Niemoeller really said. According to his widow, Sybil Niemoeller, these are his exact words:.
First they came for the Communists and I did not speak out — because I was not a Communist. Then they came for the Socialists and I did not speak out — because I was not a Socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out — because I was not a trade unionist. This site uses cookies to offer you a better browsing experience. An estimated 11 to 17 million civilians died either as a direct or as an indirect result of Nazi ideological policies, including the systematic genocide of around 6 million Jews during the Holocaust and an additional 5 to 6 million ethnic Poles and other Slavs including Ukrainians and Belarusians , Roma, homosexuals, and other ethnic and minority groups.
In Asia and the Pacific, between 3 million and more than 10 million civilians, mostly Chinese estimated at 7. The best-known Japanese atrocity was the Nanking Massacre, in which 50 to thousand Chinese civilians were raped and murdered. Mitsuyoshi Himeta reported that 2. General Yasuji Okamura implemented the policy in Heipei and Shantung.
Axis forces employed biological and chemical weapons. The Imperial Japanese Army used a variety of such weapons during its invasion and occupation of China and in early conflicts against the Soviets.
Both the Germans and Japanese tested such weapons against civilians and sometimes on prisoners of war. The Soviet Union was responsible for the Katyn massacre of 22, Polish officers and the imprisonment or execution of thousands of political prisoners by the NKVD in the Baltic states and eastern Poland annexed by the Red Army. The mass-bombing of civilian areas, notably the cities of Warsaw, Rotterdam and London, included the aerial targeting of hospitals and fleeing refugees by the German Luftwaffe, along with the bombings of Tokyo and the German cities of Dresden, Hamburg, and Cologne by the Western Allies.
These bombings may be considered war crimes.
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