It can be sudden or get worse over time. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare, life-threatening disease. It causes blood clots , destroys blood cells, and impairs bone marrow function. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is related to aplastic anemia.
It often starts as aplastic anemia or arises after treatment for the condition. Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of conditions that cause the blood-making cells in your bone marrow to become abnormal. These cells die earlier and are more likely to be destroyed by your immune system. Myelodysplastic syndromes are considered a type of cancer. They may turn into acute myeloid leukemia , a type of blood cancer. Hemolytic anemia is when your red blood cells are destroyed faster than your body can make them.
It can be temporary or chronic. Sickle cell disease is an inherited type of anemia. It causes your red blood cells to be deformed — they become sickle-shaped, rigid, and sticky.
This causes them to get stuck in small blood vessels, which blocks blood flow throughout your body, depriving tissue of oxygen. Thalassemia can be mild or severe. It becomes severe if you inherit two copies of the gene that causes it. Malarial anemia is a main symptom of severe malaria. Many factors contribute to its development, including:. Fanconi anemia FA is a genetic condition that impairs bone marrow and causes you to have a lower than normal amount of all types of blood cells.
It often also causes physical abnormalities, such as malformed thumbs or forearms , skeletal abnormalities, a malformed or missing kidney , gastrointestinal abnormalities, infertility, and vision and hearing problems. Fanconi anemia can also cause an increased risk of leukemia, as well as head, neck, skin , reproductive, and gastrointestinal cancers. These are conditions that cause anemia and are inherited, which means they are passed down through one or both parents through your genes.
Severe bleeding can cause sudden, short-term anemia. For example, this might happen after a traumatic injury where you lose a lot of blood. Acquired diseases, including malaria, can cause anemia.
Other infections can cause aplastic anemia or hemolytic anemia. Other symptoms include:. Blood oxygen levels can be so low that a person with severe anemia can have a heart attack. People with signs or symptoms of anemia should seek medical attention, especially if fainting or chest pains occur.
A diagnosis of anemia begins with both your health history and your family health history , along with a physical exam. A family history of certain types of anemia such as sickle cell anemia can be helpful. A history of exposure to toxic agents in the home or workplace might point to an environmental cause.
Anemia caused by inadequate amounts of dietary iron, vitamin B, and folate is treated with nutritional supplements. Your doctor and nutritionist can prescribe a diet that contains the proper amounts of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. A proper diet can help prevent this kind of anemia from recurring. In some cases, if the anemia is severe, doctors use erythropoietin injections to increase red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
If bleeding occurs or the hemoglobin level is very low, a blood transfusion may be necessary. The long-term outlook for anemia depends on the cause and the response to treatment. Your doctor will most likely get you started on a diet or supplement regimen to increase your iron intake. In most cases, just tweaking your diet or taking an iron supplement can solve your anemia. Anemia can sometimes cause common headaches or migraine attacks. In rare cases, headaches associated with anemia can be a sign of CVT, a….
You may ask, can anemia kill you? Yes, there are several types of anemia that can be fatal. Anemia is an abnormality of red blood cells that prevents…. If you have anemia, your level of red blood cells is lower than normal. Chronic anemia results from long-term health conditions that affect your…. If you have one of these rashes, you may have anemia. Here's how to recognize anemia rash and what you can do to treat it. It can result from a stomach ulcer, cancer , or another type of tumor.
Bone marrow is soft, spongy tissue at the center of bones, and it plays an essential role in creating RBCs. The marrow produces stem cells , which develop into RBCs, white blood cells, and platelets. A number of diseases can affect bone marrow, including leukemia. This is a type of cancer that triggers the production of excessive and abnormal white blood cells, disrupting the production of RBCs.
Problems with bone marrow can cause anemia. Aplastic anemia, for example, occurs when few or no stem cells are present in the marrow. In some cases, anemia results when RBCs do not grow and mature as usual, as with thalassemia — a hereditary form of anemia.
This causes RBCs to be shaped like crescents. They may break down more quickly than healthy RBCs or become lodged in small blood vessels. Vitamin B and folate are both essential for the production of RBCs. If a person does not consume enough of either vitamin, their RBC count may be low. These cells typically have a life span of days in the bloodstream, but the body may destroy or remove them before they complete their natural life cycle. One type of anemia that results from the destruction of RBCs is autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
It occurs when the immune system mistakes RBCs for a foreign substance and attacks them. There is a range of treatments for anemia. Each aims to increase the number of RBCs, which, in turn, increases the amount of oxygen in the blood.
Iron supplements are available to purchase online. The following foods are high in iron :. The following factors increase the risk of developing a form of the condition:. There are various ways to diagnose anemia, but the most common way involves a blood test called a complete blood count CBC.
A CBC can give an indication of overall health. It can also help the doctor decide whether to check for underlying conditions, such as leukemia or kidney disease. If RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels fall below the normal range, a person is likely to have some form of anemia.
The outlook for a person with anemia depends on the cause.
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